Our primary defense against invasion of pathogens into the body is by.
Answers
Our primary defense against invasion of pathogens into the body is by our immune system. It is a complex system that includes various cells, tissues, and organs working together to recognize and destroy harmful invaders such as viruses and bacteria. The immune system is essential for maintaining good health and preventing infections from spreading throughout the body.
Answer:
The immune system
Explanation:
The immune system defends humans from pathogens. Physical and chemical barriers prevent infection. White blood cells attack pathogens. Immunisations usually involve injecting inactive pathogens.
Related Questions
what tube carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
Answers
The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder is called the ureter.
The ureters are long, muscular tubes that connect each kidney to the bladder. They play a crucial role in the urinary system by transporting urine from the kidneys, where urine is produced, to the bladder, where it is temporarily stored before being eliminated from the body.
The ureters arise from the renal pelvis, which is the expanded upper part of the kidney's collecting system. The renal pelvis collects urine from the individual urine-producing units in the kidney called nephrons. From the renal pelvis, the ureters extend downward, one on each side of the body, towards the bladder.
The structure of the ureters includes a smooth inner lining of transitional epithelium, which allows them to stretch and accommodate urine flow. Surrounding the inner lining are layers of smooth muscle that contract rhythmically to propel urine through the ureters in a process known as peristalsis. Peristalsis involves sequential muscular contractions that push the urine forward, similar to the way food is propelled through the digestive tract.
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Chapter 11 Matching Questions 1-5 Part A Cell body € Dendrites Axon А Cell body Dendrite Axon B Cell body Peripheral process Central process Axon -Receptive endings с Use the figure to match the following: Matatu AP1 - 11313 summer 2020 1 Matching Questions 1-5 MAI LReceptive endings e the figure to match the following: atch the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain eac Reset Help : Which neuron would activate to a muscle? 2 Which neuron is rare in the body and is found in the retina of the eye and the olfactory mucosa? 3. Which neuron is a sensory neuron found in a reflex arc? Which neuron is never myelinated? 5. Which neuron is typically involved in the special senses of sight and smell? Submit Request Answer JUL Daarson 1 2 16 x
Answers
Based on the projections of the cell body, neurons are divided into three.
a. Neurons that would activate to a muscle are Multipolar neurons.
b. Neurons that are rare, found in the retina of the eye and the olfactory mucosa, typically involved in the special senses of sight and smell, and never myelinated are Bipolar neurons.
c. Neurons which are found in a reflex arc are Unipolar neurons.
Neurons are the smallest and functional units that make up the nervous system, whose function is to transmit stimuli from receptors to the central nervous system and to transmit stimuli from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.
The structure of the neuron consists of:
1. Soma or cell body that receives impulses from dendrites to the axon. The soma consists of the cytoplasm, nucleus, and other cell organelles such as mitochondria, Golgi bodies, and neurofibrils.
2. Dendrites, which are short and branched. Dendrites function to receive impulses from other neurons and pass them on to the soma.
3. Axon, which is long and single-branched. At the end of it, there is a bag filled with neurotransmitters that will convey impulses from the soma.
4. Myelin sheath that covers the axon and allows nerve impulses to be transmitted more quickly along the axon
Based on the projections of the cell, neurons are divided into three:
1. Unipolar neurons: neurons that have one protoplasmic process on the soma (one structure extending from the soma). Examples: neurons in the Peripheral Nervous System.
2. Bipolar neurons: neurons that have two processes extending from the soma. Examples: neurons in the retina of the eye and the olfactory system.
3. Multipolar neurons: neurons that have one axon and many dendrites in the soma. Most human neurons are multipolar neurons.
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In goats, a recessive gene causes the goats to "faint" when they are startled. A farmer breeds two goats (that
have never fainted) and their first offspring faints two days after its birth. What must the parent's genotypes
have been? Show the cross to prove it.
Answers
Answer:
In goats, a recessive gene causes the goats to "faint" when they are startled. A farmer breeds two goats (that have never fainted) and their first offspring faints two days after its birth.
Explanation:
Dehydration is the most common cause of fainting in children. Not drinking enough fluids also reduces blood volume and lowers blood pressure. Standing still for a long time in one place. This can cause the blood to pool in the legs because of gravity or standing up quickly.Because the "tester" individual makes one known type of gamete, the ratios of phenotypes among the progeny of the cross indicate the type and frequencies of gametes made by the individual with the unknown genotype. Once you know the gametes that this individual produces, you can "reconstruct" the individual's genotype.
Are the seated passengers in the boat moving compared to the boat? Why?
Answers
Answer:
Here is my best answer: No, the seated passengers in the boat are not moving compared to the boat. This is because the boat is moving as a whole, and the passengers are sitting on the boat, which is moving with the boat.
The passengers are not moving relative to the boat because they are not experiencing any acceleration. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, and the passengers are not experiencing any change in velocity because they are not moving.
Explanation:
No. The seated passengers in the boat are not moving compared to the boat, because the boat is moving as a whole, and the passengers are sitting on the boat.
a. what is a promoter, and how does bacterial rna polymerase locate it?
Answers
Answer:A promoter is a DNA sequence that initiates transcription by recruiting RNA polymerase and other transcription factors to the site. In bacteria, RNA polymerase locates the promoter through a process known as scanning.
The bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme consists of a core enzyme and a sigma factor. The sigma factor recognizes specific DNA sequences in the promoter region, called the -10 and -35 boxes, which are located about 10 and 35 nucleotides upstream from the transcription start site, respectively. The sigma factor interacts with these promoter elements and initiates the formation of a transcription bubble, which separates the two strands of DNA and allows RNA polymerase to begin synthesizing an RNA molecule using the template strand as a guide.
In addition to the -10 and -35 boxes, there are also other promoter elements that can affect the strength and specificity of the promoter, such as upstream promoter elements (UP elements) and discriminator elements. These elements can help recruit RNA polymerase and other transcription factors to the promoter, as well as fine-tune the level of transcription that occurs at that particular site.
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Please help if you have watch the Amoeba Sisters photosynthesis
what part(s) of the video you liked
what part(s) of the video you did not like
was the video was useful to you and why/why not
Answers
Explanation:
the video was really use ful I watched it a couple. of times before a test to
match the biomolecules to their monomers.proteinsanswer 1choose...lipidsanswer 2choose...carbohydratesanswer 3choose...nucleic acids
Answers
Match the biomolecules to their monomers Proteins: Amino acids, Lipids: They are not made up of monomers, Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides, Nucleic acids: Nucleotides.
Proteins are made up of monomers known as amino acids, while carbohydrates are made up of monomers known as monosaccharides. Lipids, on the other hand, are not made up of monomers since they are not polymers. Nucleic acids are made up of monomers known as nucleotides.
Proteins: Proteins are macromolecules composed of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and there are twenty different amino acids commonly found in proteins. Lipids: Lipids are made up of fatty acids and glycerol but are not made up of monomers since they are not polymers. There are different types of lipids such as phospholipids, triglycerides, and steroids.
Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecules in the world, and they serve many essential functions in the body. They are composed of monomers known as monosaccharides. Examples of monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Nucleic acids: Nucleic acids are biomolecules composed of monomers known as nucleotides. Nucleotides have three main components: a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. There are two types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA.
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In a rain forest, it is well known that 61% of water lizards have webbed-feet which provide the ability to walk on water. Furthermore, the gene for possessing webbed-feet is not hereditary and, thus, each water lizard is independent of others. A biologist randomly selects 25 water lizards from the rain forest. Let the random variable X count the number of water lizards out of the 25 who have webbed-feet. (a) State the distribution of the random variable defined above. (b) Compute the probability that exactly 17 of the 25 selected water lizards have webbed-feet. (c) Compute the probability that at least 17 of the 25 selected water lizards have webbed-feet. (d) Compute the mean and standard deviation for the number of water lizards out of 25 who have webbedfeet. Use both to describe the typical number of water lizards out of 25 who have webbed-feet. Report 6. Suppose the number of patients per week that visit a health center follows a Poisson distribution with a rate of 300 patients per week. Let the random variable X count the number of patients that visit the health center during a randomly selected week. (a) State the distribution of the random variable defined above. (b) Compute the probability that exactly 310 patients visit the health center during a randomly selected week. (c) Compute the probability that more than 280 patients visit the health center during a randomly selected week.
Answers
The distributions of the random variables in the given scenarios are (a) binomial for the water lizards and (b) Poisson for the health center visits. The probabilities can be calculated using the respective formulas for the corresponding distributions.
(a) The distribution of the random variable X, which counts the number of water lizards out of the 25 selected with webbed feet, follows a binomial distribution.
This is because each lizard can be considered as a Bernoulli trial (success: possessing webbed feet, failure: not possessing webbed feet) with a probability of success (p) equal to 61% or 0.61, and the trials are independent.
(b) To compute the probability that exactly 17 of the 25 selected water lizards have webbed feet, we can use the binomial probability formula.
The probability mass function (PMF) for the binomial distribution is given by P(X = k) = C(n, k) * p^k * (1-p)^(n-k), where C(n, k) represents the number of combinations of n items taken k at a time. Plugging in the values, we have P(X = 17) = C(25, 17) * 0.61^17 * (1-0.61)^(25-17).
(c) To compute the probability that at least 17 of the 25 selected water lizards have webbed feet, we need to calculate the cumulative probability from 17 to 25. This can be done by summing up the probabilities for each value of X from 17 to 25: P(X ≥ 17) = P(X = 17) + P(X = 18) + ... + P(X = 25).
(d) The mean (μ) and standard deviation (σ) for the number of water lizards out of 25 who have webbed feet can be calculated using the formulas for the binomial distribution.
The mean is given by μ = n * p, where n is the number of trials (25) and p is the probability of success (0.61). The standard deviation is given by σ = sqrt(n * p * (1-p)).
Moving on to the second scenario:
(a) The distribution of the random variable X, which counts the number of patients that visit the health center during a randomly selected week, follows a Poisson distribution.
This is because the number of patients per week can be modeled as a Poisson process, where events (patient visits) occur independently and at a constant average rate (300 patients per week).
(b) To compute the probability that exactly 310 patients visit the health center during a randomly selected week, we can use the Poisson probability formula.
The probability mass function (PMF) for the Poisson distribution is given by P(X = k) = (e^(-λ) * λ^k) / k!, where λ is the average rate of the Poisson process (300 patients per week) and k is the number of events we are interested in (310 patients).
(c) To compute the probability that more than 280 patients visit the health center during a randomly selected week, we need to calculate the cumulative probability from 280 to infinity. This can be done by summing up the probabilities for each value of X from 280 to infinity: P(X > 280) = P(X = 281) + P(X = 282) + ... + P(X = ∞).
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Amoeba Sisters: Cell Cycle and Cancer Video notes
All living things are made of cells is part of the
Functions of
our cells are regulated as part of something called the
Cells can grow and increase in size, however, a multicellular organism increases in size
through
Cancer partly comes from cells that
With some cancers, there may be
links, meaning it might run in
families. Other causes, in addition to genetics, may be exposure to
radiation, or excessive exposure to
from the sun's rays.
When cancer cells divide, it can give rise to a
Some of them stay put
but some do not. Treatments have been developed, such as radiation and
therapy that target cells that
rapidly.
Cells are in one of two different phases of the cell cycle:
-- where the cell is growing, replicating their DNA, and doing their cell
functions.
_- includes splitting of the DNA, cytoplasm, and dividing to make more
cells.
Cells spend most of their time in
which is made up of
(synthesis), and DNA is replicated in phase.
The cell cycle has checkpoints to make sure things are happening correctly, there is one
in one in and one in
There are many
_involved with regulating the cell cycle.
Some cells do not go through all of the phases. Some cells are in which is a
phase for cells, such as the cells in the
and spinal cord.
This is why damage to these organs can have challenges with healing, because many of
those cells may not be able to
Answers
Answer:
if u ask a tutor u can get the answer faster than having to wait on random people to answer your question for you
During ____________ , an enzyme removes a ____________ functional group from the monomers of one organic molecule and a hydrogen from another monomer, linking monomers together to form a ____________ . This chemical reaction also forms ____________ .
Answers
During dehydration synthesis, an enzyme removes a hydroxyl functional group from the monomers of one organic molecule and a hydrogen (H) from another monomer, linking monomers together to form a polymer. This chemical reaction also forms water molecules as byproducts.
An enzyme removes a hydroxyl (-OH) group from one monomer and a hydrogen (H) from another during dehydration synthesis, allowing the monomers to form a polymer. This mechanism bonds monomers covalently and produces water molecules. Complex biological components including proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates depend on dehydration synthesis.
Eliminating water molecules strengthens chemical connections, making it easier to assemble bigger structures from smaller components. This response aids energy storage, structural stability, and information flow in living things.
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what is the effect of antidiuretic hormone on the cells of the collecting duct?
Answers
2
Which of the following is a correct statement
about fossils?
F Only an entire organism can be
preserved as a fossil.
G Fossils provide the only evidence
for evolution.
H Most organisms do not form fossils.
J Only the hard parts of an organism can
be preserved as a fossil.
Answers
Answer:
Only the hard parts of an organism canbe preserved as a fossil.
Explanation:
When an organism dies, its soft parts often decay quickly or are eaten by animals. That is why only hard parts of an organism generally leave fossils. These hard parts include bones, shells, teeth, seeds, and woody stems.
which hemoglobin genotype has the highest fitness in an area of high malaria infection? a. hbaa b. hbas c. hbss d. all are equal
Answers
The hemoglobin genotype that has the highest fitness in an area of high malaria infection is: hbas. The correct option is(b).
This is because individuals with the hbas genotype have a higher resistance to malaria compared to those with hbaa or hbss genotypes. The hbas genotype allows for some sickle cell trait protection against malaria, while also not causing the negative effects of the hbss genotype, which can lead to sickle cell disease.
Therefore, in areas with high malaria infection rates, the hbas genotype provides the best balance of protection against malaria and avoiding the negative effects of sickle cell disease.
This is an example of natural selection, where the prevalence of the hbas genotype in populations with high malaria rates is favored because it confers a survival advantage.
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Can someone answer what they have in comment and wats different
Answers
Answer:
what they have in common is that they were all made by nature.
Explanation:
if o blood group girl marries with A negative blood group boy can there be a chance that if they have a baby together then it may be B OR A group?
Answers
Which 'if any' of the following are true? Aquatic animals present a greater risk to divers than any other factor. Most aquatic animal bites result from an animal's defensive response to a perceived threat or, on rare occasions, from a case of mistaken identify. Because they are perceived as more aggressive, men are more likely to be the victim of an aquatic animal attack than women are. None of the above.
Answers
Answer:
B. Most aquatic animal bites result from an animal's defensive response to a perceived threat or, on rare occasions, from a case of mistaken identify.
Explanation:
What is currently being done to reduce PFAS in food packaging.
Answers
. a series of mitochondrial proteins that transfer electron energy to atp and require oxygen.
Answers
The series of mitochondrial proteins that transfer electron energy to ATP and require oxygen is known as the electron transport chain (ETC).
The ETC is a critical component of cellular respiration and occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It consists of a series of protein complexes, including NADH dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome b-c1 complex, cytochrome c, and cytochrome oxidase. These complexes work together to transfer electrons derived from NADH and FADH2, which are produced during earlier stages of cellular respiration, and transfer them along the chain.
As electrons are passed through the protein complexes, energy is released and used to pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient. This gradient is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP through a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
The final acceptor of the electron transport chain is oxygen, which combines with hydrogen ions to form water. Thus, the ETC connects the process of electron transfer to the production of ATP, relying on oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
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The complete question is:
A series of mitochondrial proteins that transfer electron energy to ATP and require oxygen is called ______.
What organisms, systems, or structures does Megan Morikawa study?
Answers
Megan Morikawa used field and controlled experiments to understand the mechanisms that allow some corals to tolerate a greater amount of heat stress than other corals.
What is a coral?Corals are marine invertebrates within the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria.
They typically form compact colonies of many identical individual polyps. Coral species include the important reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton.
Thus, we can conclude that, Megan Morikawa used field and controlled experiments to understand the mechanisms that allow some corals to tolerate a greater amount of heat stress than other corals.
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The atmosphere of Earth today primarily contains the following gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O), nitrogen (N2), and.
Answers
Answer:
either oxygen or argon, because they are both in the atmosphere
Explanation:
The atmosphere of Earth today primarily contains the following gases: carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrogen, and either oxygen or argon, because they are both in the atmosphere.
What is pollution?Pollution has been considered as the harmful substances that could damage the organisms as well as the environment. Decomposition would be returns of the nutrients into the soil which would helps organisms to grow and to reproduce.
Replenishment has to fill something which would be a good thing and it includes improvement which means just to make something better which has been also the good thing. Degradation means to degrade or to make something worse which has what pollution use to be doing to organisms and the environment.
The original DNA molecule is the template for the new DNA molecules and two new DNA molecules form and the original DNA molecule dissolves as the original DNA molecule is replaced by a complementary DNA molecule.
Therefore, The atmosphere of Earth today primarily contains the following gases: carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrogen, and either oxygen or argon, because they are both in the atmosphere.
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what is an example of a prokaryote that does binary fission?
Answers
Answer:
Prokaryotes such as E. coli, Archaea as well as eukaryotes such as euglena reproduce through binary fission. Binary fission is a form of cell division in eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, it is a form of asexual reproduction Binary Fission in Bacteria
Explanation:
Please help !!! (Will mark as brainlist) (Punnett Problems) fill in the blanks
Answers
Explanation:
cross: FF X Ff
off spring look like: FF,Ff
All of the genotype will be: FF,Ff,FF,Ff
Which item is an example of a specialized cell found in plants?
OA. Red blood cell
OB. Osteocyte
OC. Tracheid
OD. Nerve cell
Answers
The specialized cell found in plants is the tracheid. The correct option is C.
What is tracheid ?
A tracheid is a type of elongated, dead, water-conducting cell found in the xylem tissue of vascular plants. They are the most primitive type of water-conducting cell in plants and are present in most gymnosperms and some ferns.
Tracheids are characterized by their long, narrow shape and thick, lignified cell walls, which provide support to the plant. The walls of tracheids have small pits that allow water to move from one tracheid to the next. These pits are bordered by thin, un-lignified regions of the cell wall called the pit membrane
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Which of the following is a responsibility of a scientist?
Answers
Can you please put the following thingy? we cant help you if we don't know what you mean?
What drives subduction at a converging plate boundary?
Answers
Answer:
The geologic features related to convergent boundaries vary depending on crust types. Plate tectonics is driven by convection cells in the mantle. ... Subduction begins when this dense crust converges with less dense crust. The force of gravity helps drive the subducting slab into the mantle
What must be true about the number of chromosomes to create fertilized cell?
Answers
In order to create a fertilized cell, the number of chromosomes in the sperm and egg must be equal. This is because during fertilization, the sperm and egg combine to form a zygote, which is the first cell of the new organism. The zygote contains the full complement of chromosomes that will determine the characteristics of the organism. If the number of chromosomes in the sperm and egg were not equal, the zygote would not be viable and the organism would not develop properly.
. from the perspective of a biologist, evolution is one of the unifying theories , or a widely accepted explanation for how the natural world works. True or False
Answers
True, from the perspective of a biologist, evolution is one of the unifying theories, or a widely accepted explanation for how the natural world works.
Evolution helps explain the diversity of life on Earth and how species have adapted to their environments over time through processes such as natural selection and genetic drift.
Evidence for evolution comes from a variety of sources, including the fossil record, comparative anatomy, molecular biology, and biogeography. The fossil record provides a historical record of the evolution of life on Earth, while comparative anatomy shows how different organisms have adapted to different environments over time. Molecular biology has allowed scientists to study the genetic similarities and differences between organisms, providing further evidence for evolutionary relationships.
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Structural similarities shared by two or more species that are based upon descent from a common ancestor are
a) uncommon
b) homologies
c) acquired
d) analogies
e) uninformative
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Homologous structures are shared structures that come from a common ancestor.
Structural similarities shared by two or more species that are based upon descent from a common ancestor are homologies. The answer is (b).
Structural similarities between two or more species that are based on descent from a common ancestor are called homologies. These similarities may be in the form of physical structures such as bones, organs, or body plans, or they may be genetic similarities at the molecular level.
Homologies provide evidence for the evolutionary relationships between species, as the presence of shared characteristics indicates a common ancestry. This can be contrasted with analogies, which are structural or functional similarities between species that are not based on a common ancestor but have evolved independently due to similar selective pressures.
Homologies can be used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of species and to classify them into related groups, while analogies can be misleading in determining evolutionary relationships. Hence, option (b) is correct.
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If a cell has 18 chromatids, how many duplicated chromosomes does it have?
(A) 18
(B) 9
(C) 36
(D) 6
Answers
Answer:
C po
Explanation:
no explanation hehe
The roots of plants are important to photosynthesis because they... A. remove glucose from the plant. B. remove oxygen from the plant. C. provide the water needed. D. provide the carbon dioxide needed.
Answers
Answer:
C. provide the water needed
Explanation:
Plants cannot absorb water effectively through the stem or leaves, so they have roots to absorb moisture (and nutrients) from the soil