What are fluids? Why are they so called?​

We can see here that the best fuel is the one that produces the most heat per unit mass. In this case, the fuel that produces the most heat per unit mass is methanol.

Fuel is a substance that is used to produce energy through combustion or other chemical reactions. It is commonly utilized to power various forms of transportation, generate heat or electricity, and operate machinery and appliances.

The results of the experiment are shown below:

Fuel            Mass (g)      Heat produced (J)       Heat per gram (J/g)

Methanol 1.0                          350                   350

Ethanol         1.0                          250                   250

Propane         1.0                          200                   200

Butane         1.0                          150                            150

Pentane         1.0                          100                            100

It is important to note that the results of this experiment are only a measure of the heat produced by the fuels.

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From the balanced equation of the reaction, the coefficients of the reactants and products are 1:2:1.

A balanced equation of a chemical reaction is an equation which balances the atoms of each element on the reactants as well as the products side of a chemical reaction.

The balanced equation of the reaction that occurs when magnesium bromide is heated is shown below:

\(MgBr_2 \rightarrow Br_2+Mg \)

Therefore, the coefficients of the reactants and products are 1:2:1.

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Answer:

heat energy

Explanation:

Chemical reactions often involve changes in energy due to the breaking and formation of bonds. Reactions in which energy is released are exothermic reactions, while those that take in heat energy are endothermic.

Answer:

Chemical Change

Explanation:

Chemical changes occur when bonds are broken and/or formed between molecules or atoms. This means that one substance with a certain set of properties (such as melting point, color, taste, etc) is turned into a different substance with different properties.

Answer:

Csl

Explanation:

Caesium iodide or cesium iodide is the ionic compound of caesium and iodine. It is often used as the input phosphor of an X-ray image intensifier tube found in fluoroscopy equipment. Caesium iodide photocathodes are highly efficient at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths.

- Wikipedia

The boiling point of water is 100.0 °C, the boiling point of the solution will be : 101.49 °C.The correct answer is option (a) 100.00049 °C.

Ideal Solution : An ideal solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components that obeys Raoult's law, which states that each component's vapor pressure is proportional to its mole fraction.The boiling point of a solution depends on the solvent's properties and the solute's concentration. It's dependent on the mole fraction of the solvent and solute, as well as the total concentration of the solution. The change in boiling point of a solution is given byΔTb = Kb × m × i, whereKb = ebullioscopic constant, m molarity of the solution, and i = van't Hoff factor.Assuming that the solution's behavior is ideal, we may use the molality of the solution to compute the boiling point elevation of the solution.The molality of the solution is given by the following formula:m = (n₂ / m₂) ÷ (n₁ / m₁), where n is the number of moles, m is the mass, and the subscripts 1 and 2 refer to water and non-volatile solute sucrose, respectively.The molar mass of sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) is342.3 g/mol; therefore, the number of moles of sucrose is115.0 g ÷ 342.3 g/mol = 0.335 mol.m₁ = mass of water = 350.0 g, and m₂ = mass of sucrose = 115.0 g, as given in the problem.Therefore, the molality of the solution is given by:m = (0.335 mol / 0.115 kg) ÷ (1 mol / 1 kg) = 2.91 mol/kg.Substituting these values in the formula for ΔTb, we get:ΔTb = Kb × m = 0.512 °C m⁻¹ × 2.91 mol/kg = 1.49 °C.100.0 °C + 1.49 °C = 101.49 °C.

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Answer:

32

Explanation:

i just know bc i already answered this question... and i dont have an explination

Answer:

Hot and rainy conditions

Explanation:

High temperatures and greater rainfall increase the rate of chemical weathering. Rocks in tropical regions exposed to abundant rainfall and hot temperatures weather much faster than similar rocks residing in cold, dry regions. A cold, dry climate will produce the lowest rate of weathering. A warm, wet climate will produce the highest rate of weathering. The warmer a climate is, the more types of vegetation it will have and the greater the rate of biological weathering.

Got these from the internet to help explain. Hope it helps!

The statement is correct. The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where electrons are ejected from the surface of a material when it is exposed to light. The frequency of light striking an electron in a metal must be above the threshold frequency in order for the photoelectric effect to occur.

The statement is correct. The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where electrons are ejected from the surface of a material when it is exposed to light. However, for the photoelectric effect to occur, the frequency of the incident light must be above a certain threshold frequency.

The threshold frequency is the minimum frequency of light required to dislodge electrons from the material. Below this threshold frequency, regardless of the intensity or duration of the light, no electrons will be emitted.

This behavior can be explained by the particle-like nature of light, where light is composed of discrete packets of energy called photons. The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency. Only photons with energy greater than or equal to the binding energy of the electrons in the material can dislodge them.

Therefore, the frequency of light striking an electron in a metal must be above the threshold frequency in order for the photoelectric effect to occur.

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Answer:

Br-CH2-CH(CH3)2-C(Cl)H-CH(CH3)2-CHO

Explanation:

The molecule has a total of 14 carbon atoms, 13 hydrogen atoms, and 1 bromine atom. The carbon atoms are arranged in a chain with a methyl group attached to the second carbon atom, a chlorine atom attached to the third carbon atom, and two methyl groups attached to the fourth carbon atom. The fifth carbon atom has a carbonyl group attached to it.

The molecule is an aldehyde, which means that it has a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of the chain. The carbonyl group is polar, and the oxygen atom has a partial negative charge. The hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge. This polarity makes the aldehyde group susceptible to nucleophilic attack.

The bromine and chlorine atoms are both electrophilic, which means that they have a partial positive charge. This makes them susceptible to nucleophilic attack.

The methyl groups are non-polar and do not have any significant reactivity.

The molecule is a chiral molecule, which means that it has a mirror image that is not superimposable on itself. This is because the carbon atom with the carbonyl group is attached to four different groups.

The molecule is a liquid at room temperature and has a strong odor. It is used in a variety of products, including perfumes, flavorings, and plastics.

Answer:

Is this question multiple choice if it is i can most likely answer it!

Explanation:

Answer:

We can use the principle of conservation of energy to solve this problem. The heat lost by the metal is equal to the heat gained by the water:

Q metal = -Q water

where Q metal is the heat lost by the metal, and Q water is the heat gained by the water.

The heat lost by the metal can be calculated using the formula:

Q metal = m metal * c metal * ΔT metal

where m metal is the mass of the metal, c metal is its specific heat, and ΔT metal is the change in temperature of the metal.

The heat gained by the water can be calculated using the formula:

Q water = m water * c water * ΔT water

where m water is the mass of the water, c water is its specific heat, and ΔT water is the change in temperature of the water.

We know the values of all the variables except c metal, so we can solve for it. We can start by calculating the values of Q metal and Q water:

Q metal = -Q water

m metal * c metal * ΔT metal = -m water * c water * ΔT water

Substituting the given values, we get:

5.4 g * c metal * (100.0 °C - T) = -142 g * 4.18 J/(g*°C) * (T - 24.2 °C)

Simplifying and solving for c metal, we get:

c metal = [142 g * 4.18 J/(g*°C) * (T - 24.2 °C)] / [5.4 g * (100.0 °C - T)]

Multiplying out, we get:

c metal = [593.56 J/(°C) * (T - 24.2 °C)] / [5.4 g * (100.0 °C - T)]

To solve for c metal, we need to find the value of T that satisfies the equation. We can do this by substituting the given value of ΔT water = 0.9 °C into the equation and solving for T:

c metal = [593.56 J/(°C) * (T - 24.2 °C)] / [5.4 g * (100.0 °C - T)]

c metal = [593.56 J/(°C) * (T - 24.2 °C)] / [540 g - 5.4 g * T]

0.9 g * [593.56 J/(°C) * (T - 24.2 °C)] = [540 g - 5.4 g * T] * c metal

535.2044 J/(°C) * (T - 24.2 °C) = 540 g * c metal - 5.4 g * T * c metal

535.2044 J/(°C) * T - 12931.7808 J = 540 g * c metal - 5.4 g * c metal * T

5.4 g * c metal * T + 535.2044 J/(°C) * T = 540 g * c metal + 12931.7808 J

T * (5.4 g * c metal + 535.2044 J/(°C)) = 540 g * c metal + 12931.7808 J

T = [540 g * c metal + 12931.7808 J] / [5.4 g * c metal + 535.2044 J/(°C)]

Substituting the given values, we get:

T = [540 g * c metal + 12931.7808 J] / [5.4 g * c metal + 535.2044 J/(°C)]

T = [540 g * c metal + 12931.7808 J] / [5.4 g * c metal + 535.2044 J/(°C)]

T ≈ 23.3 °C

Therefore, the specific heat of the metal is:

c metal = [142 g * 4.18 J/(g°C) * (T - 24.2 °C)] / [5.4 g * (100.0 °C - T)]

c metal ≈ 0.39 J/(g°C)

So the specific heat of the metal is approximately 0.39 J/(g*°C).

A 5.4 g sample of the metal is heated to the 100.0 °C and is placed in the beaker containing 142 g of the water at 24.2 °C. The specific heat of the metal is 1.322 J/ g °C.

The mass of the metal = 5.4 g

The final temperature = 25.1 °C

The initial temperature = 100 °C

The specific heat capacity of metal = x

The mass of the water = 142 g

The final temperature = 25.1 °C

The initial temperature = 24.2 °C

The specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/ g °C

Loss of Heat of Metal = Gain of Heat by Water

-q metal = + q metal

- 5.4 × x × ( 25.1 - 100 ) = 142 × 4.184 ( 25.1 - 24.2 )

404.46 x = 534.71

x = 1.322 J/ g °C

The specific heat capacity of metal is  1.322 J/ g °C.

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Answer:

11

Explanation:

Moles of KOH = \(10^{-2}\)

Volume of water = 10 liters

Concentration of KOH is given by

\([KOH]=\dfrac{10^{-2}}{10}\\\Rightarrow [KOH]=10^{-3}\ \text{M}\)

\([KOH]\) is strong base so we have the following relation

\([KOH]=[OH^{-}]=10^{-3}\ \text{M}\)

\(pOH=-\log [OH^{-}]=-\log10^{-3}\)

\(\Rightarrow pH=14-3=11\)

So, pH of the solution is 11

The concentration of the solution if the absorbance of the solution at 427 nm is 0.15 and the molar absorptivity of yellow dye at 427 nm is 5.47 × 10-⁶M.

Absorbance in physics is a logarithmic measure of the amount of light that is absorbed when passing through a substance.

It is the capacity of a substance to absorb light of a given wavelength. According to this question, the absorbance of the solution at 427 nm is 0.15.

A = εmCl

Where;

C = 0.15 ÷ (27400 × 1)

C = 5.47 × 10-⁶M

Therefore, 5.47 × 10-⁶M is the concentration of the solution.

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Explanation:

We are given: density of Ba = 3.5g/mL

: dimensions of Ba = 1cm, 3cm , 5cm

Therefore, volume of Ba = 1*3*5 = 15cm^3 = 15ml

Answer:

Mass of Ba is 52.5g.

Answer:

lol

Explanation:

lol

The mass of the materials used in making sparklers is determined by the mole ratio of the reactants in the chemical reactions that occur.

Sparklers are a kind of fireworks that do not explode but rather sparkle when they are lit.

The materials used in sparklers include materials such as:

Fuels such as iron, (Fe), aluminum (Al), or magnesium (Mg).

Oxidizers such as potassium nitrate( KNO₃) and potassium chlorate (KCLO₃).

Colorants that imbue color to the sparklers.

The reaction that occurs in sparklers is a chemical reaction. In sparklers, magnesium, aluminum, and iron each react with oxygen gas. The heat released from the reactions of the metal with oxygen causes the decomposition of the oxidizers such as potassium chlorate to potassium chloride and oxygen gas which is then used for further oxidation of the metals.

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There are several physical methods that can be used to monitor the rate of a chemical reaction are; Spectrophotometry, Conductometry, and Turbidity measurement

Spectrophotometry involves measuring the changes in the intensity of light absorbed or transmitted by a solution during a chemical reaction. Spectrophotometers are used to measure the amount of light absorbed or transmitted by a sample at different wavelengths.

Conductometry  involves measuring the changes in electrical conductivity of a solution during a chemical reaction. Conductivity meters are used to measure the electrical conductivity of a solution, which can change as the concentration of ions in the solution changes during a chemical reaction.

Turbidity measurement involves measuring the changes in the clarity or turbidity of a solution during a chemical reaction. Turbidimeters or nephelometers can be used to measure the amount of light scattered by a sample, which can change as particles form or dissolve during a reaction.

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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is

"What are the physical methods of monitoring the rate of a chemical reaction?"--

Answer:

PCl₅: 0.1192M

PCl₃: 0.0734M

Cl₂: 0.0734M

Explanation:

Based on the reaction:

PCl₅ ⇄ PCl₃ + Cl₂

K of reaction is defined as:

K = [PCl₃] [Cl₂] / [PCl₅]

Replacing with concentrations of gases in equilibrium:

K = [0.119] [0.119] / [0.313]

K = 0.0452

Moles of each gas is:

PCl₅: 7.40L × (0.313mol / L) = 2.3162 moles

PCl₃: 7.40L × (0.119mol / L) = 0.8806 moles

Cl₂: 7.40L × (0.119mol / L) = 0.8806 moles

When the volume of the container is increased the system will produce more moles, (That is, produce more products) in order to keep constant the pressure of the container -Le Chatelier's principle-. In equilibrium, molarity of each gas is:

PCl₅: 2.3162 moles - x / 16.6L

PCl₃: 0.8806 moles + x / 16.6L

Cl₂: 0.8806 moles + x / 16.6L

Where X is reaction coordinate.

Replacing in K formula:

0.0452 = [0.05305 + X/16.6] [0.05305 + X/16.6] / [0.13953 - X/16.6]

6.3068x10⁻³ - 2.723x10⁻³ X = 0.0028143 + 0.00639157 X + 0.00362897 X²

0 = -0.0034925 + 0.00911457X + 0.00362897 X²

Solving for X:

X = -2.8 → False answer. There is no negative concentrations

X = 0.3378 moles

Replacing:

PCl₅: 2.3162 moles - 0.3378 / 16.6L = 0.1192M

PCl₃: 0.8806 moles + 0.3378 / 16.6L = 0.0734M

Cl₂: 0.8806 moles + 0.3378 / 16.6L = 0.0734M

Beeing these concentrations the concentrations in equilibrium of the three gases

A plant giving off oxygen during photosynthesis comes from water .

The plants takes up the carbon dioxide and the water and in the presence of sunlight  releases the oxygen as the by product in the process of the photosynthesis. in the process of the photosynthesis , the chlorophyll excited by the sunlight. in the presence of this the water undergoes the photolytic oxidation. this means that water is breaking down in to the hydrogen ion , electrons and the free oxygen. there are various experiments that shows that the source of oxygen is the water.

Thus, A plant giving off oxygen during photosynthesis comes from water .

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Answer:

1.52 g of NaCl

Explanation:

We'll begin by calculating the number of mole of chlorine gas (Cl₂) that occupied 0.3 L at STP. This can be obtained as follow:

Recall: 1 mole of any gas occupy 22.4 L at STP.

1 mole of Cl₂ occupy 22.4 L at STP.

Therefore, Xmol of Cl₂ will occupy 0.3 L at STP i.e

Xmol of Cl₂ = 0.3 / 22.4

Xmol of Cl₂ = 0.013 mole

Thus, 0.013 mole of Cl₂ occupied 0.3 L at STP.

Next, we shall determine the number of mole of NaCl produced from the reaction.

Cl₂ + 2Na —> 2NaCl

From the balanced equation above,

1 mole of Cl₂ reacted to produce 2 moles of NaCl.

Therefore, 0.013 mole of Cl₂ will react to produce = 0.013 × 2 = 0.026 mole of NaCl.

Thus, 0.026 mole of NaCl is produced.

Finally, we shall determine the mass of the NaCl. This can be obtained as follow:

Mole of NaCl = 0.026 mol

Molar mass of NaCl = 23 + 35.5 = 58.5 g/mol

Mass of NaCl =?

Mole = mass /Molar mass

0.026 = mass of NaCl / 58.5

Cross multiply

Mass of NaCl = 0.026 × 58.5

Mass of NaCl = 1.52 g

Therefore, 1.52 g of NaCl were produced from the reaction

Answer:

210 amps

Explanation:

B

The specie that is being reduced according to the equation is Cl2.

Now let us look at the reaction equation again;

Mg + Cl2 ----->  Mg2+ + 2Cl–

Reduction occurs when there is a decrease in oxidation number and oxidation occurs when there is an increase in oxidation number.

From left to right, the oxidation number of magnesium increased from zero to +2 while the oxidation number of chlorine decreased from zero to -1.

Hence Magnesium was oxidized while chlorine was reduced.

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Answer:

b

Explanation:

Iron has a molar mass per mole of 55.8 grams. As a result, we must convert the iron mass supplied into moles.

125 g/(55.8 g/mol) = 2.24 moles of iron is the number of moles.

Heat Q = nRT + nR (T2 + T1)

2.24 moles of heat equals Q. (8.314 Joules per mol degrees Celsius) (23.5 - 78.0 °C)

Q (heat) is equal to 1014.97 joules or 1.015 kilojoules. This is the heat generated when warming 125 g of iron.

Because iron (Fe) has the lowest value of specific heat, its temperature change will be the greatest. As a result, we can draw the conclusion that, of the possibilities provided, iron (Fe) will experience the greatest temperature change if the same amount of heat is applied to each of them.

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The four quantum numbers that identify the highest energy electron in a francium, fr, atomic orbital are n, ℓ, m, and s.

The energy levels of an atom are connected by a set of quantum numbers. The entire and singular quantum state of a single electron in an atom, also known as its wave function or orbital, is described and explained by the four quantum numbers, n, l, m, and s. Accordingly, the four quantum numbers are n, l, m, and s.

The quantum number is used to define the location of electrons, and an orbital is a place inside the atom where an electron can be found. The quantum number of the shell orbitals of an atom depends on the number of electron shells it contains.

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