what is van der wall force? who discovered it and in what is it applied? how is it applied?
Answers
Answer:
Van de Waal forces are intermolecular forces (London Dispersion forces, Dipole-Dipole forces, and Hydrogen Bonds). It was discovered by a Dutch scientist called Johannes Diderik van der Waals. Intermolecular forces are the attraction and strength of bonds between molecules, with London Dispersion Forces being the weakest and Hydrogen Bonds being the strongest.
Explanation:
Related Questions
suppose that two hydroxides, moh and m′ (oh)2, both have a ksp of 1.39 × 10−12 and that initially both cations are present in a solution at concentrations of 0.001 mol/l. at what ph will the hydroxide precipitate when solid naoh is added to the solution?
Answers
The hydroxide will precipitate when solid NaOH is added to the solution at a pH greater than or equal to 14 .
The precipitation of hydroxide ions occurs when the concentration of hydroxide exceeds the solubility product constant (Ksp). In this case, both hydroxides MOH and M'OH2 have the same Ksp value of 1.39 × 10^−12.
When solid NaOH is added to the solution, it dissociates to release hydroxide ions (OH-) into the solution. The pH of the solution will increase as more hydroxide ions are present.
At a pH of 14, the concentration of hydroxide ions is equal to 1.0 × 10^−14 M. If this concentration exceeds the Ksp value of 1.39 × 10^−12, precipitation of hydroxide ions will occur.
Therefore, when solid NaOH is added to the solution, the hydroxide will precipitate at a pH of 14 or higher.
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Two friends are walking by a cliff face when they notice their voices echo. One friend says to the other "It is 50 metres to that cliff. I can find out the speed of sound using this echo!" The first friend claps and listens for the echo. Then they keep clapping exactly in time with the echoes from the cliff. The second friend times how long it takes for the first friend to clap like this thirty times. It takes them nine seconds to clap thirty times in time with the echoes. Using their experiment and their data, calculate the speed of sound in air.
Answers
Answer:
The speed of sound in air is 333.33 m/s
Explanation:
The parameters given are the time it takes for the sound to male it to the cliff and back = 30 times in 9 seconds
Distance to the cliff = 50 meters
Therefore, the sound covers a distance of 30 × 100 = 3000 meters in 9 seconds
Which give the speed of sound in air using the formula for speed = Distance/Time
Therefore, the speed of sound in air = 3000/9 = 333.33 m/s.
chemistry:
please help:/
Answers
Answer:
132.0grams
Explanation:
The formula mass of a compound/molecule is calculated by summing the atomic masses of each individual atom in that compound or molecule.
According to this question, the gram-formula mass of CO2 is given as 44g i.e. by adding 12g of C and 2 × 16g of O. 3CO2 means that 3 moles of the same CO2 molecule.
To find the gram-formula mass of 3 moles of CO2, the following formula is used:
Since 1 mol of CO2 contains a formula mass of 44g
3 moles of CO2 (3CO2) will contain 3 × 44g = 132g of CO2.
You have available the following ingredients. Which one or ones could you use to make a pH=3 buffer? 1.5MKOH(aq) 3.0MHCl(aq) 1.0MNH 3(aq) 2.5MCH 3COOH(aq) 2.0MKHCOO(aq) 0.5MKCl(aq) Partially correct. The first step is to identify the conjugate acid/base pair that best matches the intended pH. Remember to write of If you only have one (weak acid or weak base) how do you make a solution that has both?
Answers
To make a pH=3 buffer solution, one possible choice from the given ingredients is 2.5M \(CH_3COOH\) (acetic acid) and its conjugate base, 2.0M KHCOO (potassium acetate). If only one component is available, it is not possible to create a solution that has both a weak acid and its conjugate base, which are necessary for a buffer.
A buffer solution consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak base and its conjugate acid) that can resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. In this case, the desired pH is 3, so we need an acidic buffer.
From the given ingredients, 2.5M \(CH_3COOH\) (acetic acid) is a weak acid, and its conjugate base is the acetate ion (\(CH_3COO-\). To create a pH=3 buffer, we would combine the acetic acid with its conjugate base, which is potassium acetate (KHCOO). Therefore, the correct choice for the buffer solution would be 2.5M \(CH_3COOH\) and 2.0M KHCOO.
If only one component is available (either a weak acid or its conjugate base), it is not possible to create a buffer solution. Both the weak acid and its conjugate base are essential for maintaining the buffer's pH.
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If 1.2 g of ammonium bicarbonate is treated with .75 grams of sodium chloride, 63.0075 grams sodium bicarbonate will be produced. In this reaction NaCI is limiting reagent. True or false
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Limiting reagent is the reactant that determines the progress of the reaction. It determines how much of the product is formed.
The equation for this reaction is;
NaCl (aq) + NH4HCO3 (aq) → NaHCO3 (aq) + NH4Cl (aq)
From the reaction, 1 mol of NaCl reacts with 1 mol of NH4HCO3 to produce 1 mol of NaHCO3
Converting to masses using; Mass = Number of moles * Molar mass
58.44g of NaCl reacts with 79.056g of NH4HCO3
If we were to sue the whole 1.2 g of NH4HCO3 we would require xg of NaCl
58.44 = 79.056
x = 1.2
x = 0.887g
The fact that 1.2g of NH4HCO3 requires 0.887g of NaCl (which is less than the available 0.75g) means that NaCl is the limiting reagent.
what is the formula managers use to calculate a foodservice operation’s total expense percentage?
Answers
The formula managers use to calculate a food service operation's total expense percentage is to divide the total cost of food by total sales.
The resulting amount should then be multiplied by 100 to get the percentage. A food service operation's total expense percentage is the percentage of its total sales that are spent on food.
The formula to calculate the food service operation's total expense percentage is:
Expense percentage = (Total cost of food / Total sales) * 100
This formula gives the total amount or the total expense percentage which a food service operation spends on its food to generate its total sales or revenue.
In this calculation, the total cost of food includes all expenses associated with purchasing, preparing, and serving the food, such as ingredients, labor, and supplies.
The calculation of the food service operation's total expense percentage is critical for the management and profitability of the business. It helps to determine the actual cost of the food and the operation's overall profitability.
By comparing the expense percentage of the business with industry standards and previous performance, management can make informed decisions to control costs, increase revenue, and maximize profits.
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Question 11
Which formula represents a hydrocarbon?
C₂H6
C₂H5OH
C₂H5Cl
C₂H6O
Answers
Answer:
C₂H6
Explanation:
Among the given options, the formula A) C₂H6 represents a hydrocarbon (specifically, ethane). Option A
A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is important to identify the formula that represents a hydrocarbon among the given options:
A) C₂H6: This formula represents ethane, which is a hydrocarbon. Ethane consists of two carbon atoms bonded together with single bonds and six hydrogen atoms.
B) C₂H5OH: This formula represents ethanol, which is not a hydrocarbon. Ethanol contains a hydroxyl group (-OH), indicating the presence of oxygen in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is an alcohol, not a hydrocarbon.
C) C₂H5Cl: This formula represents ethyl chloride, which is not a hydrocarbon. Ethyl chloride contains a chlorine atom (Cl) in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is a haloalkane, not a hydrocarbon.
D) C₂H6O: This formula represents ethanol, which, as mentioned before, is not a hydrocarbon. Ethanol contains an oxygen atom (O) in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is an alcohol, not a hydrocarbon.
Among the given options, the formula A) C₂H6 represents a hydrocarbon (specifically, ethane). It consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms, making it a suitable representation of a hydrocarbon.
In summary, the formula C₂H6 (option A) represents a hydrocarbon, while the other options contain additional elements (oxygen or chlorine) that make them non-hydrocarbon compounds. Option A
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Iron reacts with Oxygen gas to form Iron II Oxide according to the reaction
below.
4 Fe
+ 3 02
2 Fe2O3
How many moles of Iron II Oxide can be produced from 347.7 L of Oxygen gas at a temperature
of 74.3 °C and a pressure of 294.5 kPa?
Round Answers to 0.01 decimals
Answers
Answer:
2.0
Explanation:
Which equation represents energy being absorbed as a
bond is broken?
A) H+H + H2 + energy
B) H+H+ energy H2
C) H2 + H+H+ energy
D) H2 + energy + H+H
Answers
The reaction demonstrates that energy is needed to dissociate the hydrogen atoms from one another, and as a result energy is consumed.
When a chemical bond is broken, energy is required to break the bond, and thus energy is absorbed. The equation that represents energy being absorbed as a bond is broken is option D, which is:
H2 + energy → 2H
In this equation, the energy is shown as a reactant on the left-hand side of the arrow, indicating that it is required for the reaction to proceed. The H2 molecule on the left-hand side represents a molecule with a covalent bond between two hydrogen atoms. When energy is added to the molecule, the bond between the two hydrogen atoms is broken, and the atoms become separated. This results in the formation of two hydrogen atoms on the right-hand side of the arrow, each with one unpaired electron.
Overall, the reaction shows that energy is required to break the bond between the hydrogen atoms, and thus energy is absorbed during the process.
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The ability of individuals or the members of a group to achieve aims or further the interests they hold is called
Answers
The ability of individuals or the members of a group to achieve aims or further the interests they hold is called power.
Power refers to the capacity or ability of individuals or a group to influence or control outcomes, resources, or decisions in a way that aligns with their aims or interests. It can manifest in various forms, such as political power, social power, economic power, or positional power within organizations. Power can be derived from various sources, including knowledge, expertise, social connections, wealth, authority, or persuasive communication skills. It plays a significant role in social dynamics, organizational hierarchies, and decision-making processes. Understanding power dynamics is crucial in analyzing relationships, negotiating conflicts, and studying the distribution and exercise of influence in different contexts.
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Which statement best compares how bond strengths affect the physical properties of iron
and lead?
Iron has a higher melting point because the bonds in iron are stronger.
Iron has a higher melting point because the bonds in iron are weaker.
Lead has a higher density because the bonds in lead are stronger.
Lead has a higher density because the bonds in lead are weaker.
Answers
The statement " Iron has a higher melting point because the bonds in iron are stronger" will explain the bond strength affect the physical property of iron.
Three factors determine how strong a metallic bond will be: how many electrons leave the metal and become delocalized. Charge carried by the cation (metal). the cation's dimension.
As the bond will stronger , it will take too much energy to break the bonds. hence, iron has a higher melting point because the bonds in iron are stronger.
Therefore, the correct answer will be option (A).
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Explain: What is the relationship between the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms from sugar molecules, formed in or ingested by an organism? How are those same atoms found in amino acids and other large carbon-based molecules? How can larger carbon-based molecules and amino acids be a result of chemical reactions between sugar molecules and other atoms?
Answers
a. The relationship between carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms from sugar molecules, formed in or ingested by an organism, can be seen in the formation of amino acids and other large carbon-based molecules.
b. Those same atoms of amino acids and other large carbon-based molecules are found in the structure of these molecules, particularly in their functional groups.
c. Larger carbon-based molecules and amino acids can be a result of chemical reactions between sugar molecules and other atoms in amino acids.
Sugar molecules are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the ratio of 1:2:1. This means that they have a high number of carbon and hydrogen atoms compared to oxygen atoms. When ingested by an organism, these sugar molecules are used to produce energy for various cellular processes.
Amino acids, on the other hand, are the building blocks of proteins, which are essential macromolecules for life. Amino acids contain a central carbon atom, an amino group (-NH₂), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a side chain or R-group. The R-group is what differentiates one amino acid from another and determines its properties.
The carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms from sugar molecules are found in the structure of amino acids, particularly in their carboxyl and amino groups. For example, the carboxyl group of an amino acid has a carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms and a hydrogen atom. This is similar to the structure of a sugar molecule, which has a carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms and two hydrogen atoms.
In addition to amino acids, larger carbon-based molecules can also be formed from sugar molecules through chemical reactions. For example, polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen are formed from the condensation of many glucose molecules. Lipids such as fats and oils are also formed from the reaction of glycerol and fatty acids.
Overall, the relationship between carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms from sugar molecules is essential for the formation of many other macromolecules in living organisms, including amino acids and larger carbon-based molecules. These molecules are formed through chemical reactions between sugar molecules and other atoms, leading to the creation of new functional groups and properties.
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Cu2(s)+O2(g)=Cu2O(g)+SO2(g)
please help urgent will give brainiest
Answers
Answer:
2 Cu2S + 3 O2 = 2 Cu2O + 2 SO2
Explanation:
2 Cu2S + 3 O2 = 2 Cu2O + 2 SO2
10 grams of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is dissolved in 0.25 liters of solution. Determine the molarity (M)
Answers
Answer:
1M
Explanation:
The molarity of a substance is defined as the number of moles of the substance divided by how many liters the solution is. NaOH has a molar mass of about 40 grams, meaning that 10 grams of it would be 0.25 moles. 0.25/0.25= a molarity of 1.
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4. Unlike the Rutherford's model of the atom, Bohr's model states that
a. electrons move in set paths around the nucleus of an atom.
batoms cannot be divided into smaller parts.
c. electrons behave like waves.
d. electrons contain orbitals.
Answers
Answer: A
Explanation: According to the Bohr model, often referred to as a planetary model, the electrons encircle the nucleus of the atom in specific allowable paths called orbits. When the electron is in one of these orbits, its energy is fixed.
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Two atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are ____. ???
A. ions
B. isotopes
C. radioactive
D. reactive
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. isotopes.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This difference in the number of neutrons leads to variations in their atomic mass but does not affect their chemical properties or reactivity. Isotopes of an element have similar chemical behaviors but may have slightly different physical properties due to the difference in atomic mass.
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Perform the following
mathematical operation and
report the answer to the
appropriate number of
significant figures.
7.273 - 12.37 = [?]
Answers
Answer:
-5.057
Explanation:
12.37
7.273
= 5 .0 5 7
-5.057
-5.09 is the correct option. Addition, multiplication, division, as well as other fundamental operations are frequently employed in mathematics.
What is mathematical operation?The definition of an arithmetic operations is a procedure or function that accepts one or maybe more inputs and produces a new output. Addition, multiplication, multiplication, division, as well as other fundamental operations are frequently employed in mathematics.
Simple numbers or more complicated mathematical expressions like polynomials or equations can both be subjected to these operations. Sometimes "performing out the operation" as well as "evaluating an expression" are used to describe the act of conducting a mathematical operation.
7.273 - 12.37 =-5.09
Therefore, -5.09 is the correct option.
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How many total electrons must be transferred to form one formula unit of Al2O3?
Answers
To form one formula unit of Al2O3, a total of 12 electrons (6 from aluminum and 6 from oxygen) must be transferred.
The compound Al2O3, commonly known as aluminum oxide, is formed when two aluminum atoms and three oxygen atoms bond. To determine the number of total electrons that must be transferred to form one formula unit of Al2O3, we first need to find the number of electrons that are present in one formula unit of Al2O3.
Aluminum has an atomic number of 13, which means it has 13 protons and 13 electrons in a neutral atom. Each aluminum atom in Al2O3 contributes 3 electrons, and since there are two aluminum atoms in one formula unit of Al2O3, the total number of electrons contributed by aluminum atoms is 6.
Oxygen has an atomic number of 8, which means it has 8 protons and 8 electrons in a neutral atom. Each oxygen atom in Al2O3 contributes 2 electrons, and since there are three oxygen atoms in one formula unit of Al2O3, the total number of electrons contributed by oxygen atoms is 6.
Therefore, to form one formula unit of Al2O3, a total of 12 electrons (6 from aluminum and 6 from oxygen) must be transferred.
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Which is not a known advantage of natural gas over other fossil fuels?
A. It burns more completely than other fossil fuels
B. It burns more cleanly than other fossil fuels
C. It is far more abundant than any other fossil fuel
D. Sulfur dioxide is rarely produced by burning natural gas
Answers
The option that is not a known advantage of natural gas over other fossil fuels is: C. It is far more abundant than any other fossil fuel.
Natural gas has several advantages over other fossil fuels. Firstly, it burns more completely than other fossil fuels, which means it produces fewer pollutants and greenhouse gases.
This leads to the second advantage, as natural gas burns more cleanly than other fossil fuels, resulting in reduced emissions of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter.
However, when it comes to abundance, natural gas is not necessarily more abundant than other fossil fuels.
While natural gas reserves can be substantial, the availability and reserves of other fossil fuels like coal and oil are also significant. Therefore, option C is not a known advantage of natural gas over other fossil fuels.
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Which molecule contains a nonpolar covalent bond?
A) H2
B) NH3
C) H₂O
D) CO
Answers
Crystallization is a process of _________
Answers
Crystallization is a process of separation of the solid substances in an object located in the solution as crystal particles.
What is the chemical process of Crystallization?The chemical process of Crystallization refers to a procedure in which we apply different methods in a solution in order to separate crystals, which are solids compounds that may be considered solutes in such media.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the chemical process of crystallization separates the solutes in a given solution as solid crystal particles that can be used in other applications.
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This element in pyrite contributes to acid mine drainage.
a. pH paste
b. Sulfur
c. hydrochloric acid
d. strong acid
Answers
The Correct answer is Option B) Sulfur. This is the element in pyrite that contributes to acid mine drainage.
What is Sulfur?One ingredient that should never be ignored is sulphur(S). Group 16 of the periodic table is where Sulphur is located. It is obtained as a byproduct following the manufacturing of natural gas and is non-metal. It is a bright yellow colour and has a terrible smell (like rotten eggs). Sulfur has been consumed by people for a thousand years despite its apparent physical characteristics. Why? Considering that you might just come across it on the ground.
Sulfur is a straightforward element to locate both on the ground and in the periodic table. It occupies the sixteenth position, immediately below oxygen (O). Sulfur is typically found as crystal and has a yellowish color when it occurs naturally.
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if you answer this question right you get 100 points. What is my favorite color it is a 4 letter word and it ends with e
° °
∵ω∵
Answers
Answer:
Blue!!
I think it is blue!
is it blue cuz i think its blue
Calculate the density:
An object has a mass of 500 grams and a volume of 50 cm³. What is its density
Remember D=m/V
5 g/cm³
10 g/cm³
50 g/cm³
100 g/cm³
Answers
what are 3 pairs of atoms that will connect?
Answers
Answer:
One carbon atom forms four covalent bonds with four hydrogen atoms by sharing a pair of electrons between itself and each hydrogen (H) atom....Properties of polar covalent bond:Number of electron pairs shared Type of covalent bond formed1 Single2 Double3 TripleWhat is the standard units of mass, length and time in the (a) CGS system (b) SI system
Answers
Explanation:
a. CGS system: centimetre as the unit of length, the gram as the unit of mass, and the second as the unit of time
b. SI system: metre as the unit of length, the kilogram as the unit of mass, and the second as the unit of time
And length and time in Seconds.
full form of CGS is:
. Centimetre
. Gram
. Second
This can be converted in terms of SI unit and then cgs unit as: (physical quantity, si unit, cgs unit)
Length — metre = centimetre
Mass — kilogram = gram
Time — second = second
Based on its pH level, which of the following is an acid?sea water, pH=8.25detergent, pH=10milk, pH=6.5human saliva, pH=7
Answers
Based on its pH level, human saliva is neither acidic nor basic. Instead, it is considered to be a neutral substance. The pH scale measures the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance, with a range of 0 to 14. Acidic substances have pH values less than 7, basic substances have pH values greater than 7, and neutral substances have pH values equal to 7.Therefore, among the given substances, the acid is the detergent, which has a pH of 10.
Detergents are typically alkaline, which means they have a pH value greater than 7, making them basic. Furthermore, sea water, with a pH of 8.25, is also classified as a basic substance. Milk has a pH of 6.5, making it slightly acidic. Human saliva is a liquid that is secreted by the salivary glands in the mouth. It serves as a lubricant for food, making it easier to swallow. Saliva also contains enzymes that help break down food molecules. The pH of human saliva is usually around 7, making it neutral in nature. The pH of saliva, however, can vary depending on a number of factors, such as diet, medication, and the overall health of an individual. In conclusion, the acid is the detergent which has a pH of 10.
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fill in the left side of this equilibrium constant equation for the reaction of dimethylamine ch32nh, a weak base, with water. =kb
Answers
The left side of the Kb equation for the reaction of dimethylamine with water is α^2 [ (CH3)2NH2+ ] [ OH- ].
What is the equilibrium constant?The equilibrium constant equation for the reaction of dimethylamine (CH3)2NH, a weak base, with water can be written as:
(CH3)2NH + H2O ⇌ (CH3)2NH2+ + OH-
where (CH3)2NH2+ is the conjugate acid of dimethylamine and OH- is the hydroxide ion.
The equilibrium constant for this reaction is the base dissociation constant (Kb) of dimethylamine, which is defined as:
Kb = [ (CH3)2NH2+ ] [ OH- ] / [ (CH3)2NH ]
where the square brackets represent the concentrations of the species in the equilibrium.
To fill in the left side of the equation, you need to write the expression for the equilibrium concentrations of the weak base and its conjugate acid, which can be expressed in terms of the initial concentration of the weak base (CH3)2NH and the extent of its dissociation (α):
[ (CH3)2NH2+ ] = α[ (CH3)2NH ]
[ OH- ] = α[ (CH3)2NH ]
where α is the degree of dissociation of the weak base, defined as the fraction of the initial concentration of (CH3)2NH that has dissociated into (CH3)2NH2+ and OH-.
Substituting these expressions into the Kb equation, we get:
Kb = ( α[ (CH3)2NH2+ ] ) ( α[ OH- ] ) / [ (CH3)2NH ]
= α^2 [ (CH3)2NH2+ ] [ OH- ] / [ (CH3)2NH ]
Therefore, the left side of the Kb equation for the reaction of dimethylamine with water is α^2 [ (CH3)2NH2+ ] [ OH- ].
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When a diprotic acid is titrated with a strong base, and the Ka1 and Ka2 are significantly different, then the pH vs. volume plot of the titration will have
A. one equivalence point.
B. a pH of 7 at the equivalence point.
C. two distinct equivalence points
D. two equivalence points below 7.
E. no equivalence point
Answers
When a diprotic acid is titrated with a strong base, and the Ka1 and Ka2 are significantly different, then the pH vs. volume plot of the titration will have: two distinct equivalence points. The answer is C.
There are two distinct steps in the titration curve, the first equivalence point is the point at which the base has reacted with all of the H+ ions from the first acidic hydrogen, while the second equivalence point is the point at which the base has reacted with all of the H+ ions from the second acidic hydrogen.
The pH at the first equivalence point will be less than 7, and the pH at the second equivalence point will be greater than 7, indicating that the solution is acidic for the first equivalence point and basis for the second equivalence point.
The Ka1 and Ka2 values for diprotic acids are typically different because the first hydrogen ion is more strongly bound to the molecule than the second hydrogen ion, resulting in different dissociation constants for each hydrogen ion.
Therefore, the pH vs. volume plot of the titration of a diprotic acid with a strong base will have two distinct equivalence points if Ka1 and Ka2 are significantly different.
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How should you remove a beaker from a hot plate after heating it?.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
you will have to grabe a towle or a meten and take it off