The equation for perchloric acid is HCLO4. Its molecular weight is 100.46 g/mol, and its density is 1.67 g/mL. To figure out the concentration of a solution, we need to calculate its pH. pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution.
It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the concentration of hydrogen ions ([H+]) in moles per liter of solution. A pH of 7 indicates neutrality, with lower pH values indicating greater acidity and higher pH values indicating greater alkalinity.
To find out how much HCLO4 is needed to obtain a solution with a specific pH, we will need to use the following equation: pH = -log [H+]Rearranging the equation, we get:[H+] = 10^(-pH)Once we know the hydrogen ion concentration.
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Which electron i, on average, farther from the nucleu: an electron in a 5d orbital or an electron in a 4d orbital?
According to Aufbau Principle electrons are to be filled in a pattern that is, starting from lower-energy atomic orbitals electrons will be filling into the higher-energy orbitals.
So, electrons will be filled in the 4d orbital before 5d orbital.
Also the electron in 4d orbital will lie closer to the nucleus as compared to the electron in the 5d orbital.
as the principle quantum number for the electron in 4d orbital is 4, which means the electron is present in shell 4, i.e. n=4.
Whereas, the principle quantum number for the electron in 5d orbital is 5, which means the electron is present in shell 5, i.e. n=5.
If we see Neil Bohr's atomic model,
Electrons in 4th shell will be closer to the atomic nucleus than that of electron in 5th shell.
For clarification, you can see the figure.
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The carbon cycle is normally self-regulating; it keeps itself constant. The amount of carbon dioxide kept in the oceans, locked in rocks and in the air is
ANSWER
over time.
chemistry need help please
The number of moles of hydrogen that can be made from 4.89 x 10-22 atoms of iron is 6.65 x 10-26 moles H2.
What is hydrogen ?Hydrogen is the most abundant element found in the universe. It is a colorless, odorless gas that is the lightest of all elements. Hydrogen has the symbol H and the atomic number 1. It is the most basic building block of all matter. Hydrogen is an important part of many molecules, including water (H2O), proteins, and fats. It is a key component of many fuels, including gasoline, natural gas, and propane. Hydrogen is used in the production of ammonia, methanol, and other chemicals. It is also used in fuel cells.
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true or false: sn2 mechanism for nucleophilic substitution reactions involves one step and occurs with inversion of configuration.
Sₙ2 mechanism for nucleophilic substitution reactions involves one step and occurs with inversion of configuration. - True
The rate determining step in Nucleophilic bimolecular Substitution reaction involves the presence of both substrate and the attacking nucleophile as in this mechanism the the process of bonding of substrate with the nucleophile takes place simultaneously with the process in which the leaving group is leaving the substrate. \
Rate α [Substrate][attacking nucleophile]
So, the reaction takes place in one step.
Also, the attacking nucleophile attacks on the opposite side of the leaving group of the substrate, so this reaction occurs with inversion in configuration.
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why are the first and lasat dissociation reactions of phosphoric acid of no signigifance to ph buffering in cells
The first and last dissociation reactions of phosphoric acid are of no significance to pH buffering in cells because they occur at extreme pH values that are outside the physiological pH range.
What factors affect the pH buffering in cells?
Phosphoric acid (\(H_{3}PO_{4}\)) has three dissociation reactions:
1. \(H_{3}PO_{4}\) → \(H_{2}PO_{4}^{-}\) + H+
2. \(H_{2}PO_{4}^{-}\) → \(HPO_{4}^{-}\) + H+
3. \(HPO_{4}^{-}\) → \(PO_{4}^{3-}\) + H+
The first reaction occurs at a very low pH (pKa1 ≈ 2.15), and the last reaction occurs at a high pH (pKa3 ≈ 12.3). Cellular pH is maintained within a narrow physiological range (approximately 7.2-7.4). The second dissociation reaction (pKa2 ≈ 7.2) is the most relevant for cellular pH buffering since it occurs within this physiological pH range. Therefore, the first and last dissociation reactions of phosphoric acid are of no significance to pH buffering in cells as they do not contribute to maintaining the cellular pH within the required range.
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What is the Ka of a 0.0796 M solution of nitrous acid (HNO2) with a pH of 2.95?
Answer:
Coefficient = 1.58
Exponent = - 5
Explanation:
pH = 2.95
Molar concentration = 0.0796M
Ka = [H+]^2 / [HA]
Ka = [H+]^2 / 0.0796
Therefore ;
[H+] = 10^-2.95
[H+] = 0.0011220 = 1.122 × 10^-3
Ka = [H+] / molar concentration
Ka = [1.122 × 10^-3]^2 / 0.0796
Ka = (1.258884 × 10^-6) / 0.0796
Ka = 15.815 × 10^-6
Ka = 1.58 × 10^-5
Coefficient = 1.58
Exponent = - 5
what scientific term is uses to refer to the sharing of electrons between/ among atoms in order for the to attain stability?
Answer:
Covalent bonds
Explanation:
Covalent bonding
Covalent bond refers to mutual sharing of electrons between two atoms
.Consider the following reaction and select the false statement below.
NaI + 3HOCl → NaIO3 + 3HCl
A. NaI is the reducing agent
B. If ?G
The false statement below is B. If ?G < 0, the reaction is spontaneous.
The statement is incomplete and not entirely correct. The Gibbs free energy change (?G) of a reaction determines the spontaneity of a reaction at constant temperature and pressure. A negative? G indicates that the reaction is thermodynamically favorable and spontaneous under standard conditions. However, the value of? G can be affected by changes in temperature, pressure, and concentration of reactants and products.
Regarding statement A, NaI is indeed the reducing agent in this reaction. In this reaction, NaI is oxidized to NaIO3, while HOCl is reduced to HCl.
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What is the pH of a solution that is 0.75M in sodium acetate and 0.50M in acetic acid? (Ka for acetic acid is 1.85x10^-5)
What is the pH of a solution that is 0.75M in sodium acetate and 0.50M in acetic acid is 4.57.
pH is a measurement of amount of hydronium ion H₃O⁺ in a given sample. More the value of hydronium ion concentration, more will be the solution acidic.The pH of acid is between 0-7 on pH scale while for base pH range is from 7-14. pH is a unitless quantity. pH depend on the temperature.
On subtracting pH from 14, we get pOH which measures the concentration of hydroxide ion in a given solution. At room temperature pH scale is between 0 to 14. pH of neutral solution is 7.
pH
=pKa +log(Cs/Ca)
= 4.75 + log(0.5/0.75)
=4.75 +log (0.66)
= 4.57
Therefore, the pH of a solution is 4.57.
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The electrons between atoms in metallic bonds
allow for bonding metals to be reactive.
allow for bonding metals to be stable.
are stationary and provide durability to the metal.
are attracted to the neutrons of the metal.
Answer:
Metallic bonding is the type of chemical bonding that occurs between atoms of metals. In a metallic bond, atoms share their electrons in a way that allows them to form a “sea” of free electrons. This electron sea is responsible for the unique physical and electrical properties of metals.
Explanation:
Answer:
B. allow for bonding metals to be stable.
Explanation:
edge 2022
Consider this reaction. What volume of oxygen gas, in milliliters, is required to react with 0.640 g of SO2 gas at S TP? 11.2 mL 22.4 mL 112 mL 224 mL
Answer:
112mL
Explanation:
We'll begin by calculating the number of mole in 0.640g of SO2.
This is illustrated below:
Molar mass of SO2 = 32 + (16x2) = 64g/mol
Mass of SO2 = 0.640g
Number of mole of SO2 =.?
Mole = mass /molar mass
Number of mole of SO2 = 0.640/64
Number of mole of SO2 = 0.01 mole
Next, we shall determine the number of mole of O2 required for the reaction. This is illustrated below:
2SO2(g) + O2(g) —> 2SO3(g)
From the balanced equation above,
2 moles of SO2 reacted with 1 mole of O2.
Therefore, 0.01 mole of SO2 will react with = (0.01 x 1)/2 = 0.005 mole of O2.
Therefore, 0.005 mole of O2 is required for the reaction.
Finally, we shall determine the volume of O2 required for the reaction as follow:
Note: 1 mole of a gas occupy 22.4L (22400mL) at stp.
1 mole of O2 occupy 22400mL at stp.
Therefore, 0.005 mole of O2 will occupy = 0.005 x 22400 = 112mL
Therefore, 112mL of O2 is required for the reaction.
Answer:
the answer is C
Explanation:
i did the test on edg and got it right
Europium-152 undergoes beta decay to form what daughter isotope and decay particle??
The daughter nucleus that is formed in the process is 152/64Gd .
What is beta decay?Gadolinium-152 and a beta particle are produced during the beta decay of europium-152. An electron that is released from the nucleus during the decay process is the beta particle.
A beta ray is released from an atomic nucleus during a radioactive decay process known as beta decay. The proton in the nucleus changes from a proton to a neutron during beta decay, and vice versa.
The beta particle is represented by the symbol "β" with a superscript indicating its charge (-1 for an electron)
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Help!
The quantity of matter anything contains.
A. weight
B. mass
C. volume
Answer: B. Mass
Explanation: The quantity of matter anything contains is called mass.
What is the solution to the problem expressed to the correct number of significant figures?
7.21= ?
A. 1.688
OB.
1.69
O C.
1.7:
OD
1.70
Answer:
(102 900 ÷ 12) + (170 × 1.27) = 8800
Step 1. Evaluate the expressions inside the parentheses (PEMDAS)
102 900 ÷ 12 = 8575
170 × 1.27 = 215.9
In multiplication and division problems, your answer can have no more significant figures than the number with the fewest significant figures.
Thus, the underlined digits are not significant, but we keep them in our calculator to avoid roundoff error.
Step 2. Do the addition (PEMDAS).
8575
+ 215.9
= 8790.9
Everything that you add to an insignificant digit gives an insignificant digit as an answer.
Thus, the underlined digits are not significant.
We must drop them and round up the answer to 8800.
Explanation:
Which of the following is considered a biotic factor?
Please help image below
Answer:Trees
Explanation:
If a convergent boundary involves a continental landmass and an ocean basin, what is the result?
o
A chain of volcanic mountains will form on the edge of the continent or just off shore; a
deep ocean trench will form off shore.
The land will fold and fault, forming high mountain ranges.
O
The land at the edge of the continent will buckle, causing the formation of a trench.
O
There will be frequent earthquakes, but no other evidence of crustal movement.
Answer:
A chain of volcanic
Explanation:
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Identify the base in the reaction (CH3)3N(aq) + HCl(aq) → (CH3)3NH+(aq) + Cl−(aq) 1. (CH3)3NH+(aq) 2. Cl−(aq) 3. (CH3)3N(aq) 4. HCl(aq)
Answer:
(CH3)3N(aq)
Explanation:
We have to think of the definition of acid and base in the sense of Brownstead-Lowry. The Brønsted–Lowry theory is an acid–base reaction theory which was proposed independently by Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted and Thomas Martin Lowry in 1923.
A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a chemical species that donates one or more hydrogen ions in a reaction. In contrast, a Bronsted-Lowry base accepts hydrogen ions. When it donates its proton, the acid becomes its conjugate base. A more general approach to the theory is viewing an acid as a proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor.
If we look at the reaction closely, we can see that (CH3)3N(aq) accepted a proton. According to the definition above, we will have to classify (CH3)3N(aq) as a base. Hence the answer.
Write the chemical formula for Copper (III) Phosphate
Write the chemical formula for Calcium Hydroxide
5. Which of these elements has the greatest atomic radius? *
Be
Mg
Ra
Ba
I NEED HELP PLEASE, THANKS!
Electrochemistry is important in many aspects of daily life.
i. Define voltaic cell.
ii. Fill in the blanks for the drawing of a voltaic cell that’s made with copper/copper (II) nitrate (E° = 0.34 V) and zinc/zinc (II) nitrate (E° = –0.76 V). Briefly explain the role of the salt bridge.
iii. Using the equation E°cell = E°cathode – E°anode, calculate the overall cell potential for the cell.
iiii.
a. _____________
b. _____________
c. _____________
d. _____________
e. _____________
f. _____________
g. _____________
h. _____________
Answer:
Here's what I get
Explanation:
(i) Voltaic cell
A voltaic cell is a device that uses a chemical reaction to produce electrical energy.
(ii) Overall Cell Potential
The standard reduction potentials for the half-reactions are
ℰ°/V
Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ ⇌ Cu 0.34
Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻ ⇌ Zn -0.76
The half-reaction with the more positive potential is the reduction half-reaction. It is the reaction that occurs at the cathode.
The half-reaction with the more negative potential is the oxidation half-reaction. It is the reaction that occurs at the anode.
We reverse that half-reaction and subtract the voltages to get the cell reaction.
ℰ°/V
Cathode: Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ ⇌ Cu 0.34
Anode: Zn ⇌ Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻ -0.76
Cell: Zn + Cu²⁺ ⇌ Zn²⁺ + Cu 1.10
\(\mathcal{E}_{\text{cell}}^{\circ} = \mathcal{E}_{\text{cat}}^{\circ} - \mathcal{E}_{\text{an}}^{\circ} = \text{0.34 V} - \text{(-0.76 V)} = \text{0.34 V} + \text{0.76 V} = \textbf{1.10 V}\)
(iii) Diagram
The specific labels will depend on your textbook.
They are often as follows.
a. Electron flow
b. Voltmeter or lightbulb
c. Electron flow
d. Cathode or Cu
e. Cu²⁺(aq) and NO₃⁻(aq)
f. Salt bridge
g. Zn²⁺(aq) and NO₃⁻(aq)
h. Anode or Zn
The salt bridge enables ions to flow in the internal circuit and to maintain electrical neutrality in the two compartments.
It often consists of a saturated solution of KCl.
As Zn²⁺ ions form in the anode compartment, Cl⁻ ions move in to provide partners for them.
As Cu²⁺ ions are removed from the cathode compartment, K⁺ ions move in to replace them.
Answer:a. Electron flow
b. Voltmeter or lightbulb
c. Electron flow
d. Cathode or Cu
e. Cu²⁺(aq) and NO₃⁻(aq)
f. Salt bridge
g. Zn²⁺(aq) and NO₃⁻(aq)
h. Anode or Zn
Explanation:
What is the difference between fumarate and fumaric acid?
Answer:
the difference is fumaric acid the carboxylic acid groups are trans (E) and in maleic acid they are cis (Z)
Explanation:
and Fumarate is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle used by cells to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from food
Write the chemical formula of the substances formed using criss-cross method and mention their valencies: -
a. Ammonium dichromate
b. Aluminium sulphate
c. Calcium phosphate
d. Iron (III) oxide
Answer:
hope it helped you
Explanation:
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What do these two changes have in common? snails growing shells a slice of banana turning brown
Answer:
both are done due to the enviroment??
PLEASE HELP! A voltaic cell is constructed that uses the following half-cell reactions: Cu+(aq)+e−→Cu(s)I2(s)+2e−→2I−(aq)E∘=0.52VE∘=0.54V. The cell is operated at 298 K with [Cu+]=0.31 M and [I−]= 3.0 M.
a) Determine E for the cell at these concentrations.
d) If [Cu+] was equal to 0.15 M, at what concentration of I− would the cell have zero potential?
(4) Marks 05) A-If the threshold energy of the reaction 2016 (,n),0"is 15.6 MeV. Calculate the atomic mass of ols when the atomic mass for Olis 15.996415 amu and for neutron is 1.008665 amu. (4) Marks
If the threshold energy of the reaction 2016O(n, γ) 170 is 15.6 MeV, then the atomic mass of 170Ol can be calculated.
Given:Atomic mass of Ol (15.996415 amu)Atomic mass of neutron (1.008665 amu)M (Ol) = 15.996415 amuM (neutron) = 1.008665 amu Threshold energy of the reaction, E = 15.6 MeV The threshold energy (E) is the minimum amount of energy that an incoming neutron must have to trigger the nuclear reaction or the amount of energy that is needed to supply for the reaction to proceed.
The atomic mass of 170Ol can be calculated as follows:E = [M (n) + M (2016O) - M (170O)] x c²Where c = speed of light, M (n) = mass of neutron, M (2016O) = mass of oxygen-16M (170O) = mass of the oxygen-17, the product of the reaction.Rearranging the above equation: M (170O) = [M (n) + M (2016O) - E/c²]Thus, M (170O) = [1.008665 + 15.994915 - (15.6 x 10⁶ eV/ (3.0 x 10⁸ m/s)²)] amuM (170O) = 16.98803 amuTherefore, the atomic mass of 170Ol is 16.98803 amu.
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If the rate law for a reaction A → P is rate = 3.37x10-3 M^-1 min-1 [A]^2 and the initial concentration of a is 0.122 M, calculate the half-life of A.
Rate = 3.37x10-3 M^-1 min-1 [A]^2 and the initial concentration of a is 0.122M.
A rate law indicates the rate of a chemical response depends on reactant concentration. For a response inclusive of the price regulation commonly has the form rate = ok[A]ⁿ, in which okay is a proportionality constant known as the fee regular and n is the order.
The charge of a chemical response is, perhaps, its maximum crucial asset because it dictates whether or not a reaction can arise all throughout an entire life. knowing the charge regulation, an expression concerning the price to the concentrations of reactants can assist a chemist to modify the response conditions to get an extra suitable rate.
half-life is the time taken for the radioactivity of a substance to fall to 1/2 its authentic cost whereas implies existence is the common life of all the nuclei of a particular risky atomic species.
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chromatography separates solutions on the basis of while distillation separates solutions on the basis of
Distillation, separates solutions based on the differences in boiling points of the components.
What is distillation?Based on the components of the mixture's varying affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase, chromatography separates solutions. The mobile phase is often a liquid or a gas, while the stationary phase might be either a solid or a liquid.
Contrarily, distillation divides solutions according to variations in the components' boiling points. The lower boiling point component will evaporate and ascend as a vapor when a combination is heated, whereas the higher boiling point component will remain in the liquid phase.
This technique takes advantage of the fact that various substances have varying boiling points. A purified component is then obtained by condensing and collecting the vapor.
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If an atmosphere consisting of an ideal gas were indeed homogeneous (constant density) all the way to the top at z = H, find the temperature at that top. Could such an atmosphere actually exist, even in principle? Why or why not?
The temperature at the top of an atmosphere consisting of an ideal gas with constant density can be found using the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
Assuming the density of the gas is constant throughout the atmosphere, we can express the pressure as P = ρgh, where ρ is the density, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height.
Since the atmosphere is homogeneous, the pressure at the top (P_top) is the same as the pressure at the bottom (P_bottom), so we have P_top = P_bottom = ρgh.
Using the ideal gas law, we can write ρghV = nRT, where V is the volume of the gas.
Assuming the volume of the gas is constant, we can cancel out V, and rearranging the equation, we get T_top = (nRT_bottom)/(nR) = T_bottom.
Therefore, the temperature at the top of the atmosphere would be the same as the temperature at the bottom.
In practice, however, it is not possible for an atmosphere to have constant density all the way to the top. As we go higher in the atmosphere, the density decreases due to decreasing pressure and temperature. This is because gravity becomes weaker at higher altitudes. Therefore, in reality, the temperature would decrease as we move higher in the atmosphere.
So, while a homogeneous atmosphere with constant density all the way to the top cannot exist in practice, it can be considered as an idealized scenario for understanding certain aspects of atmospheric behavior.
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which classification best describes gold?question 1 options:heterogeneous mixturesolutioncompoundelement
Gold is an element that belongs to the periodic table.Elements are the simplest form of substances that can exist, and they cannot be divided into simpler substances by chemical methods. Each element is defined by the number of protons present in the atomic nucleus.
Gold is an element that has 79 protons and is represented by the symbol Au.Gold has several properties that distinguish it from other elements. It is a soft, shiny, dense metal with excellent conductivity. Gold is also a noble metal, meaning it is resistant to corrosion and oxidation and does not react with most acids. Its properties have made it useful for many purposes, including jewelry, currency, and electronics.
Heterogeneous mixtures contain two or more substances that are not uniformly distributed and can be separated by physical means. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures composed of a solute dissolved in a solvent. Compounds are substances composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio. Thus, none of these classifications accurately describes gold.
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Which of the following best explains how minerals get into streams?
A. Rainwater that is high in minerals from the atmosphere falls into the stream.
B. The stream absorbs minerals from the plants growing in and around its banks.
C. Rainwater dissolves minerals out of the rocks and soil along the stream during runoff.
D. When water evaporates from the ocean, it takes minerals with it and redeposits them as rainwater into the stream.
please help me
Answer:
C:Rainwater dissolves minerals out of the rocks and soil along the stream during runoff